Introduction:

Clostridium thermocellum is a type of gram-positive, thermophilic, cellulolytic microorganisms in the family Clostridaceae [1]. This bacterium cell body possess a solitary lipid bilayer giving it a rod-shape morphology [2]. G+C content in their genome accounts approximately 21 to 54 percent [3]. In addition, these bacteria reproduce by forming spores and are capable of breaking down cellobiose and cellulose to ethanol through anaerobic fermentation [4,5]. Clostridium thermocellum offers industrial benefits since it have its cellulolytic and ethanologenic potential for transforming cellulosic substrate into ethanol i.e., convert biomass into a usable energy source [6,7]. The breakdown of cellulose is achieved with in the bacterium by means of extracellular cellulase framework called as cellulosome [8]. The cellulase framework of the bacterium varies from fungal cellulases because of its capability to solubilize translucent cellulose, e.g., cotton [9]. However, it produces low ethanol yield, because of extended fermentation pathways that produce acetic acid derivatives, formate, and lactate alongside ethanol [10,11]. New studies have been coordinated to enhance the ethanol-producing metabolic pathway in order to make more effective biomass transformation [12].

Application of Clostridium thermocellum in Biotechnology:

Renewable resources can be transformed into biofuels and biosolvents by utilizing Clostridium thermocellum bacterial cultures or cocultures which provides functional factors more effectively than single cultures. For instance, in the co-culture of C. thermocellum JN4 and Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum GD17, the cellulase complex of C. thermocellum JN4 can hydrolyze xylan to xylobiose and xylose yet can't use xylobiose or xylose, however T. thermosaccharolyticum GD17 can use these substrates to produce hydrogen, natural acids and ethanol [13].

Bioprocesses, in food manufacturing including cheese/yoghurt manufacture, Belgian beer production etc [14]

Biodegradation in wastewater treatment and soil bioremediation [15].

Biofuel production using cellulose or lignin-based feedstock including rice/wheat straw, corn/sorghum stalk, crude glycerol, banana agro-waste etc [16].

Biosynthesis of organic acids including acetic acid, butyric acid, alcohols etc [17].

Bacillus coagulans is a bacterium also known as "helpful" bacteria but sometimes is misclassified as lactobacillus since it produces lactic acid [18]. Bacillus coagulans is really showcased as Lactobacillus sporogenes in a few commercial products [19]. However it can easily be distinguished from other species from its spores [20].

Application of Bacillus coagulans in Biotechnology:

Bacillus coagulans exhibits probiotic activity that is impervious to high temperatures [21]. In addition, Bacillus coagulans proteins have been utilized in food production or its incorporation as probiotics in food products [22].

Bacillus coagulans incorporation in food matrix including probiotic yoghurt and juice products [23]

Production of biohydrogen biofuel from agricultural wastewater and molasses using Bacillus coagulans[24].

Bacillus coagulans incorporation in medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain etc [25].

Conclusion:

Thus, both the bacterial species i.e., Clostridium thermocellum and Bacillus coagulans holds commercial importance in the industrial sector for producing diversity of products